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Glossary: N
Glossary: N
Nano
Unit qualifier (symbol = n) representing one thousandth
of one millionth, or 10-9. For example, 3nS stands for 3
x 10-9 Seconds.
Nanobot
A molecular-sized robot (see Nanotechnology below)
Nanophase Materials
A form of matter which was only recently discovered,
in which small clusters of atoms form the building blocks of a larger
structure. These structures differ from those of naturally occurring
crystals, in which individual atoms arrange themselves into a lattice.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is an elusive term that is used by
different research-and-development teams to refer to whatever it is
that they're working on at the time. However, irrespective of their
particular area of interest, nanotechnology always refers to something
extremely small. One of the more exciting branches of nanotechnology
that has been suggested as having potential in the future is that of
micro-miniature electronic products that assemble themselves.
Negative Ion
An atom or group of atoms with an extra electron.
Negative Logic
A convention which dictates the relationship between
logical values and the physical voltages used to represent them. The
more negative potential is considered to represent TRUE and the more
positive potential is considered to represent FALSE. Also known as negative
true logic.
Negative Resist
A process where ultraviolet radiation passing through
the transparent areas of a mask causes the resist to be cured. The uncured
areas are then removed using an appropriate solvent.
Negative-Edge
A transition from a logic 1 to a logic 0. Also known
as a falling edge.
Negative-True
A convention which dictates the relationship between
logical values and the physical voltages used to represent them. The
more negative potential is considered to represent TRUE and the more
positive potential is considered to represent FALSE. Also known as negative
logic.
Nibble (see Nybble)
A group of four binary digits, or bits (also called
a nybble).
NMOS (N-channel MOS)
Refers to the order in which the semiconductor is
doped in a MOS device. That is, which structures are constructed as
N-type versus P-type material.
Noise Figure / Noise Factor
The Noise Factor of a transducer at a specified input
frequency is the ratio of (a/b) where “a and b” are:
(a) the available Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
at the signal generator terminals per unit bandwidth when the temperature
of the input termination (generator or source) is 290°K and the
bandwidth is limited by the transducer, to
(b) the available SNR per unit bandwidth
at the output terminals of the transducer.
Traditionally:
Noise Figure NF = 10 log(noise factor
F)
Noise Temperature (Te) = To(F - 1)
Where:
Te is the noise temperature
To is standard temperature 290 K
F is noise factor
Noise Floor
This is defined as the lowest possible input to a
chain or a component, that will produce a detectable output.
Noise Temperature
This is the amount of thermal noise in a chain or
a component. Noise Factor and Noise Temperature (Te) are related as
follows:
Noise Temperature (Te) = (F - 1)To
Where:
Te is the noise temperature
To is standard temperature 290 K
F is noise factor
For example, a noise figure of 2.0 dB is equivalent
to a Noise Temperature of 170 K.
Non-Volatile
A memory device which does not lose its data when
power is removed from the system.
Non-Volatile RAM
A device which is generally formed from an SRAM die
mounted in a package with a very small battery, or as a mixture of SRAM
and EEPROM cells fabricated on the same die.
Norton's theorem
Any two-terminal collection of voltage sources and
resistors is electrically equivalent to an ideal current source in parallel
with a single resistor.
NPN (N-type - P-type - N-type)
Refers to the order in which the semiconductor is
doped in a bipolar junction transistor.
N-Port
An N-port component is typically characterized by
network parameter data contained in the N-port itself in spreadsheet
form or (more usually) by network parameter data contained in an external
file.
N-type
A piece of semiconductor doped with impurities that
make it amenable to donating electrons.
Nybble
A group of four binary digits, or bits (also called
a nibble).
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