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Glossary: M
Glossary: M
Mask Programmable
A device such as a read-only memory which is programmed
during its construction using a unique set of masks.
Maximal Displacement
A linear feedback shift register whose taps are selected
such that changing a single bit in the input data stream will cause
the maximum possible disruption to the register's contents.
Maximal Length
A linear feedback shift register that sequences through
(2n - 1) states before returning to its original value.
Maxterm
The logical OR of the inverted variables associated
with an input combination to a logical function.
MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy)
A technique for creating thin films on substrates
in precise patterns, in which the substrate is placed in a high vacuum,
and a guided beam of ionized molecules is fired at it, effectively allowing
molecular-thin layers to be "painted" onto the substrate where required.
MCM (Multichip Module)
A generic name for a group of advanced interconnection
and packaging technologies featuring unpackaged integrated circuits
mounted directly onto a common substrate.
Medium-Scale Integration (MSI)
Refers to the number of logic gates in a device. By
one convention, medium-scale integration represents a device containing
13 to 99 gates.
Meg
Unit qualifier (symbol = M) representing one million,
or 106. For example, 3MHz stands for 3 x 106 Hertz.
Metallization Layer
A layer of conducting material on an integrated circuit
that is selectively deposited or etched to form connections between
logic gates. There may be several metallization layers separated by
dielectric (insulating) layers.
Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)
A family of transistors where the controling terminal
is connected to a plate that is seperated from the semiconduxtor by
an insulating layer. This plate was originally made out metal (we now
use polysilicon, or poly) and the insulator is an oxide -- hence the
"metal-oxide" appellation.
Meta-Stable
A condition where the outputs of a logic function
are oscillating uncontrollably between undefined values.
Micro
Unit qualifier (symbol = u) representing one millionth,
or 10-6. For example, 3uS stands for 3 x 10-6 Seconds.
Microwave
The range in the electromagnetic spectrum from 300
MHz to 30 GHz (with corresponding wavelengths from 100 cm to 1 cm).
Microwire
A trade name for one incarnation of discrete wire
technology. Microwire augments the main attributes of multiwire with
laser-drilled blind vias, allowing these boards to support the maximum
number of tracks and components.
Millman's method
The voltage on the ends of branches in parallel is
equal to the sum of the currents flowing in every branch divided by
the total equivalent conductance.
Minterm
The logical AND of the variables associated with an
input combination to a logical function.
MMIC
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit
Mod or Modulus
Refers to the number of states that a function such
as a counter will pass through before returning to its original value.
For example, a function that counts from 00002 to 11112 has a modulus
of 16 and would be called a modulo-16 or mod-16 counter.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)
A technique for creating thin films on substrates
in precise patterns, in which the substrate is placed in a high vacuum,
and a guided beam of ionized molecules is fired at it, effectively allowing
molecular-thin layers to be "painted" onto the substrate where required.
MOS (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)
A family of transistors where the controlling terminal
is connected to a plate that is separated from the semiconductor by
an insulating layer. This plate was originally made out metal (we now
use polysilicon, or poly) and the insulator is an oxide -- hence the
"metal-oxide" appellation.
MOSFET
Metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor.
MSI (Medium-Scale Integration)
Refers to the number of logic gates in a device. By
one convention, medium-scale integration represents a device containing
13 to 99 gates.
Multichip Module (MCM)
A generic name for a group of advanced interconnection
and packaging technologies featuring unpackaged integrated circuits
mounted directly onto a common substrate.
Multilayer
A printed circuit board constructed from a number
of very thin single-sided and/or double-sided boards which are bonded
together using a combination of temperature and pressure.
Multiplexer (digital)
A logic function that uses a binary value, or address,
to select between a number of inputs and conveys the data from the selected
input to the output.
Multiwire
A trade name for one incarnation of discrete wire
technology.
Mutual Capacitance
The capacitance between two conductors (one considered
aggressor, the other victim) when all other conductors are connected
together and then regarded as an ignored ground. It describes the amount
of coupling due to the electric field. The mutual capacitance will inject
an often undesired current into the victim line proportional to the
rate of change of voltage on the aggressor line. Mutual Capacitance
it a cause of crosstalk.
Mutual Inductance
The inductance between two conductors (one considered
aggressor, the other victim) placed close enough that the magnetic field
induced by a current flowing into the aggressor line encompasses the
victim. The mutual inductance will inject an often undesired voltage
noise onto the victim proportional to the rate of change of the current
on the aggressor line.
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